Hadzic's Regional Anesthesia > Chapter 69. Neurologic Complications of Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Mechanisms & Management > Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Anesthetized Patients >
Normal versus Abnormal Discomfort/Pain on Injection
... Injection of local anesthetic in close proximity to the nerves is often associated with discomfort. 26,81 This is thought to result from mechanical irritation of the nerves or plexi as local ...

Hadzic's Regional Anesthesia > Chapter 69. Neurologic Complications of Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Mechanisms & Management > Methods and Means of Decreasing the Risk of Neurologic Complications Associated with Nerve Blocks > Recommendations for Decreasing Pnb Complications >
Aborting Injection When Pain Is Reported
... Severe pain or discomfort on injection may signify intraneuronal placement of the needle and should be avoided. When this occurs, the injection should be abandoned, although ...

Hadzic's Regional Anesthesia > Chapter 69. Neurologic Complications of Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Mechanisms & Management > Basic Considerations > Clinical Classification of Acute Nerve Injuries > Mechanical Nerve Injury > Intraneural Injection and Its Prevention >
Pain on Injection
... is known about how to avoid an intraneural injection. Pain with injection has long been thought of as the cardinal sign of intraneural injection; consequently, it ...