Longnecker's Anesthesiology > Chapter 92. Medical Management of Chronic Pain > Pain Rehabilitation Strategies >
Pain Catastrophizing
... Catastrophizing can be summarized as a negative cognitive belief state associated with actual or potential pain experiences. Three major attributes of catastrophizing are (1) ...

Principles & Practice of Pain Medicine > Chapter 7. Outcome Measurements in Pain Medicine > Instruments Measuring Mental Health and Cognitions >
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)
... developed in 1995 at the Dalhousie University Pain Research Centre to facilitate research on the mechanisms by which catastrophizing has an impact on the pain experience. ...